Type-writing machine



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 AJW. CASH. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 425.931. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

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(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheen 2.

A. w. CASH. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 425,931. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

4' Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

A. W. CASH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

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(No Model.) 4- sheets Shet 4.

A. W. CASH. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 425,931. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTORNEY m: mums vzrzns cm, woro-umm, wAsmunmu, 0. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT ARTHUR IV. CASH, OF DECATUR, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE TYPOGRAPH COMPANY, OF HARTFORD,

CONNECTICUT.

SFECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,931, dated April 15, 1890.

Application filed May 9, 1884. Serial No. 130,845- (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beitknown that I, ARTHUR YV. CASH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Decatur, in the county of Macon and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming [0 part of this specification.

My present invention has for its object to provide an improved construction of typewriting machine wherein the paper upon which the printing is done shall be so held as to be constantly in view of the operator during the printing operation, that he may clearly see the character of his work as it progresses and can readily and immediately correct any errors that may occur.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved clamp for holding the paper to be printed upon its carriage and to furnish an improved construction of escapement for controlling the movement of this carriage in forming the space between each letter and word.

My invention has also for its object to decrease the usual number of keys on the key' board by providing a portion or (if desired) all the type-levers with several types having different letters or characters thereon, and with improved means whereby these types may be made to strike at a common point on the paper-carriage.

3 5 My invention has for its further object to provide improved means whereby the inkribbon commonly employed in type-writers may be dispensed with and the types may be thrown after each impression against an ink- 40 pad to properly supply their face with ink.

My invention has for its object also to im prove the construction of type-writing machines in various details, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

These several objects of my invention I have accomplished by the mechanism set out in the following description, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly defined in the claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 is a plan view of atype-writer embodying my invention, parts being broken away for the purpose of better illustration. Fig. 2 is a detail view, partially in horizontal section, of my improved escapement mechan: ism. Fig. 3 is a view in front elevation. Fig.

A is a view in transverse section on line 00 0c of Fig.1. Fig. 5 is a view in longitudinal vertical section on line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a View in vertical longitudinal section through the front portion of the machine, the main keyleverbeing shown in depressed position. Fig. 7 is a detail view in vertical longitudinal section of the end portions of the paper-carriage, illustrating the paper-clamp. Fig.8 is a fractional view in end elevationof the paper-carriage. Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are views respectively in side and front elevation and plan of the improved type-lever for carrying two types and its connected parts. Figs. 12 and 7c 13 are views respectively in rear and side elevation of my improved form of type-lever for carrying a singletype and the parts connected thereto. Fig. la is a view in side elevation of the front portion of the machine,

parts being broken away to show the ratchetwheel, ratchet, and key-lever for making the spaces between the lines.

Like letters and figures of reference denote corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings.

A designates the frame of the type-writer, the front portion of which is of less depth than the main body, and is provided with a perforated plate A, that constitutes the keyboard of the machine. The top plate A of the body of the machine is furnished with the rails a, upon which travels the movable frame or table B, that supports the paper-carriage C, having suitable grooves to receive the rails b of this table. To the lower portion of this, table Bis attached the rack-bar b,that moves within the groove a of the top plate A and meshes with the driving-pinion 13, that is loosely fitted on the inner end of the shaft B but derives motion from this shaft by reason of the main frame, pressed normally upwardby the spring biand provided with the fingerkey 1). Over the top of the plate A throughout its length extends what I designate the main driving-shaft D, having its front and rear ends held, respectively, in the journalbrackets d and d and carrying upon its forward portion the coiled spring D, resting within a groove of the top plate A and having one end rigidly connected to the shaft andthe opposite end fixed to the top plate. Upon the driving-shaft D is placed the drivingpinion E, having a spline or feather adapted to fit within the long groove 61 that eitends from about the center of the shaft to its rear end, so that as the driving-pinion is moved along the shaft it will still derive its movement therefrom. To the side of the pinion E is connected the grooved hub 6, around which fits the plate 6, that is rigidly secured to the rear side of the frame or table B, so

that any movement of the table shall cause a like movement of the driving-pinion along the shaft. A rack-bar c on the under side of the paper-carriage C is in gear with the driving-pinion, and it is from this rack-bar and pinion that lateral movement at right angles to the line of travel of the frame or table B is imparted to the carriage, as will presently appear. A long broad slot a having inclined or curved sides, is formed in the top plate A as seen in Fig. 1, to permit the free movement of the driving-pinionE. On the under side of thepaper-carriage Cis fixed the rail or rib 0 having a groove throughout its length to receive the bent end of the bracket 0 attached to the rear part of the frame or table B and servingto hold the paper-carriage securely upon the table.

Upon the front end of the driving-shaft D is loosely held the escapcment-wheel F, with the teeth of which engage the forwardly-bent end 9 of the escapement-pawl G and the free end of the spring-stop G, that is fixed to the top of this pawl. The pawl G- is sustained by the pivot-pin g, and by means of the link 9 that connects with the cross-bar G passing beneath each of the main key-levers and held against the same by the spring g, is moved each time either of thekeys is depressed, as will hereinafter more fully appear. In the escapement-Wheel F are formed the holes f, adapted to receive the pin h, that projects from the lever H through the crankarm I, keyed on the end of theidrive-shaft D. Lugs '11 are formed 011 this crank-arm, and through these and corresponding lugs on the lever H passes the pin h, by which the lever is pivotally held on the crank-arm. A pin a" on the end of the crank-arm enters the perforated knob I' of the lever II, and a spring 1' serves to keep the pin hpresscd normally into the pin-holes of the escapementwhcel, v

so that the escapement-wheel will be turned by the shaft until the pin his withdrawn.

The sheet of paper upon which the impression is to be made is held in place upon the paper-carriage by means of the angular clamp-strip K, having ears 7t, pivoted to the sides of the carriage at it, and having in its front portion the long slot kiiniwhich works the crank-shaped end of the clamp'rod K, that extends through the paper-carriage and is furnished at its front end with the turning-knob A coil-spring 7t" on the rod Kv serves to hold the clampstrip against the paper.

The operation of the mechanism thus far described is as follows: The sheet of paper upon which the impressions are to be made is placed upon the paper-carriage with its top edge beneath the clamp-strip K, and by the action of the spring k tending to depress the clamp-strip, is there securely held. The frame or table B, that sustains the paper-carriage G, is then at the front of the machine, and the paper-carriage is at the right-hand side, as seen in Fig. l, the coil-spring D being wound and tinder tension. As the finger-keys are now operated to'cause the types to print, the cross-bar G is depressed, and it in turn trips the escapement-pawl G and spring-stop G, so as to allow the escapement-wheel to turn the distance of one tooth as each fingerkey is released and its type-lever rises. By this turning of the escapement-wheel the driving-shaft D causes the pinion. E to move the rack-bar c and the paper-carriage a sufficient distance for the printing of thenext succeeding letter. In this manner the space is made between letters and words until the end of the line is reached, when by pressing upon the knob I the lever II will be depressed until the ITO pin 71, is withdrawn from the eseapementwheel, and by now turning the crank-arm H the pinion E will be forced to move the papercarriage back to its first position and the coiled spring will be wound to move the escapement-whcel when the pin h is again placed therein and the escapement-pawl is operated. In order to move the paper-carriage forward a space sufficient for the next succeeding line, the line-space lever B at the side of the machine will be depressed, thereby As the pinion tion of type-levers and mechanism for operating the same, referringfirst to that form wherein two types are sustained upon a single lever in such manner that either may be caused to strike at the common printingpoint. A description of a single one of these levers and its connected parts will suffice for all. I

Through one of the slots a of the key-board plate A projects the stem Z of the finger-key L, the lower end of this stem passing through a perforation in the plate or strip L, that extends across the machine, a like strip being provided beneath each row of keys. About the center of the key-stem is fixed a stop Z, that rests within a seat Z in the end of each main key-lever M, being held therein in such manner as to permit a slight rocking movement of the stem. The key-lever M is pivoted, as at m, to the depending bracket m, (see Fig. 5,) and to its rear portion is connected the spring m that bears against the under side of the top plate A and serves to keep the keys normally in elevated position. To the lever M is pivot-ally attached, as at m the swinging angle-plateh through the bottom of which projects the bent end m of the catch-rod M the rear end of which passes through and is-sustained by the clip m on the end of the lever. To the top of the swinging plate M is attached the rear end of the pitman N, through an eye in the front end of which passes the stem lot the finger-key. A spring or, also connected to the swinging plate, tends to hold this plate in the vertical position shown in Fig. 5. When the swinging plate M is in its vertical position, the .end of the catch-rod M projects just through the elbow-lever O, pivoted within a slot a of the main frame, as at 0, so that when a key is forced vertically downward this lever alone is operated. If, however, the key be simultaneously depressed and drawn backward, as seen in Fig. 6, the pitman N will cause the swinging plate h to force the catch-rod out a suflicient distance to lift the elbowlever P, also pivoted within the slot. a of the main frame. The upper end of the elbowlever O is connected by the link 0 to the bent lower end of the main type-lever R, that is pivoted at r to the bracket-plate r, screwed to the segment-plate A sustained by the easing A. In the upper end of the type-lever is journaled the pin 5, that has fixed thereto at one side of the type-lever the type-carrying head S, and has keyed thereto at the opposite side of the lever the pinion S, that meshes with the rack-bar t of the turning-lever T, the rack-bar and pinion being held securely together by means of the guide-clip 25, connected to the end of the type-lever and elasping the turning-lever, as seen in Fig. 10. The type-carrying head S is provided with two prongs 1 and 2, each of which is drilled out to receivethe shank of a type .9, that bears upon its face any desired letter or character. The lower end of the turning-lever T is joined to link T, pivoted to the bracket-plate r at W, at which point is attached the link T that connects the turning-lever with its elbow-lever P. The type-levers will be placed around the curved front portion of the segmental plate A and will be of proper length to deliver each type at the time of making its impression at a common printing-center above the paper-carriage.

Behind the row of type-levers and in position to be struck by the face of the types when thrown backward (see Fig. 3) is placed the circular ink-pad receptacle U, suitably sustained by the corner and center posts a, and within this receptacle is held the ink-pad U, of felt or like material. The ink-pad receptacle is preferably formed in the shape shown, in order that both of the types of the type-carrying head may be properly inked.

The operation of this improved construction of type-lever and connected parts is as follows: Assume the type-carrying head of the lever to be provided with a capital and a lower-case type of the same letter, held, respectively, by the prongs l and 2. If the lowercase letter is to be printed, the corresponding finger-key of the key-board will be depressed, and the-end of the catch-rod M will raise the elbow-lever 0, which in turn will. throw the type-lever R downward toward the printingpoint. As the type-lever has a pivotal center different from that of the turning-bar '1, its downward movement causes the rack-bar t to rotate the pinion S, and thereby to turn the type-carrying head S a sufficient distance to bring the lower-case type in position to print. As the main key-lever is retracted by the force of the spring m the type-lever is thrown again into a vertical position and the types are brought againstthe face of the ink-pad. If it is desired to print the capitallet-ter on the prong 2 of the type-carrying head, the finger-key will be drawn backward at the same time that it is depressed, so as to cause the catch-rod M to raise the arm of elbow-lever P, which movement as it is fully executed draws the post T, turning-bar T, and rack-bar t by its connecting-link a sufficient distance to so far increase the revolution of the pinion S as to bring the prong 2 with the capital letter to the common printing-center. As the lowercase types are those most frequently used, they are so placed upon the type-levers as to be struck by the simple vertical depression of the finger-keys. cup-shaped, as shown, to enable them to be more readily drawn backward by the finger. When a single type is to be carried by the type-lever, the pitman, the swinging plate, and other parts above described for shifting the position of the turning-lever will be dispensed with and the rear end of the main key-lever will be provided with a pin r, fitting within a hole in the bent end of the elbow-lever V, pivoted at o to the main frame and connected at its upper end to the link V that isjoined to the lower bent end of the single type-lever IIO The keys are preferably W. pivoted at '0 to the bracket-plate o Pivotally connected to the upper end of the typelever, as at o, is the sin gle-type-carrying head W, the bent end of which is pivoted to the upper end of the turning-lever X, as seen in Figs. 12 and 13. A pin a: inthe inner side of this turning-lever enters the curved slotw of the type-lever. From this construction it will be seen that when the main key-lever is depressed the single-type-earrying lever W and turning-leverX will be forced downward, and the pin a: of the turning-lever, riding in the slot m, as shown in Fig. 4, will cause this lever to turn the type-carrying head into proper position for printing. As the key-levcr is retracted by its spring, the type-lever will be thrown again into a vertical position ang. its type will strike the surface of the inkpa Suitable blank keys will be employed to operate the escapement mechanism independently of the type-lever in order to form the necessary spaces between words.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the operator has his Work constantly before him where it can be seen at a glance and mistakes can be readily corrected. The construction of the type-carrying levers and turning-bars insures an effective inking of the types, and by the arrangement of several types upon a single lever the number and complexity of the finger-keysis much decreased.

It will be readily seen that the details of construction above set out may be varied within wide limit-s without departingfrom the scope of my improvements, and to such details, therefore, I do not wish the invention to be understood as restricted.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In a type-writer, the combination of a series of pivotally-supported type-levers arranged to stand vertical in normal position, individual key-levers connected to the typevlevers, a yielding, and spring-actuated crossbar beneath the key-levers, a driving-shaft D, carrying the escapeinent-wheel F, an escapement-pawl and stop-spring connecting the cross-bar and escapement-pawl, the flat papercarriage having a rack-bar secured thereto, a

table to sustain the carriage, and a sliding pinion on the driving-shaft to engage the rack of the carriage, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a type-writer, the combination, with the paper-carriage, its rack-bar, and driving pinion and shaft, of an escapement-wheel and pawl, and a crank-arm for turning backward said shaft, and means-substantially as described, for connecting said crank-arm to said escapementwheel, substantially as set forth.

3. In a type-writer, the combination, with the paper-carriage, its rack-bar, and driving pinion and shaft, of a perforated escape1nent Wheel loosely held on said shaft, a pawl or dog and spring for said wheel, and a crank-arm keyed to the driving-shaft and havinga pivoted spring-seated arm and stop'pin, substantially as described.

4. In a type-writer, the combination, with a type-lever, of a type-carrying head pivotally connected thereto and provided with two separate types, a pinion and rack-bar for turning said type-carrying heads, and mechanism, substantially as described; for operating said type-lever and rack-bar,substantially as set forth.

5. In a type-writer, the combination, with I the type-leverhaving the type-carrying head pivotally connected thereto and provided with two separate types, of a finger-key and mechanism, substantially as described, whereby the simple vertical depression of said key shall cause one of said types to act, and a vertical and horizontal depression of said key shall cause the other of said types to act, substantially as set forth.

6. In a type-writer, the combination, with a type-lever having a type-carrying head pivotally connected thereto, of a rack-bar and pinion, a main key-lever connected, substan tially as described, with the type-lever, an elbow-lever connected with the end of the rackbar, and means, substantially as described, for causing the main keylever to actuate said elbow-lever, substantially as set forth.

ARTHUR V. CASH.

Witnesses:

JOHN LYTLE, CLIFF. C. MoRRIsoN. 

